Manufacturing austenite stainless steels (ASSs) using additive manufacturing (AM) is of great interest for cryogenic applications. Here, the mechanical and microstructural responses of a 316L ASS built by laser powder-bed-fusion (L-PBF) were revealed by performing in situ neutron diffraction tensile tests at the low-temperature range (from 373 to 10 K). The L-PBF procedure increased the stacking fault energy (SFE) level of the 316L ASS to 23.7±2.2 mJm-2 at room temperature, SFE almost linearly decreased from 29.2±3.1 mJm-2 at 373 K to 8.6±1.2 mJm-2 at 10 K, with a slope of 0.056 mJm-2·K-1, leading to the transition of the dominant deformation mechanism from strain-induced twinning to martensite formation. As a result, excellent combinations of strength and ductility were achieved at the low-temperature range.