Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are theorised to efficiently drive current in spherical tokamak power plants, e.g. Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). At high temperatures (Te ≳4keV), relativistic effects can significantly impact wave propagation. This work presents relativistic calculations of EBW wave propagation, damping, and curre…
Electron Bernstein current drive (EBCD) systems are sensitive to plasma and launch conditions, and therefore require large parametric scans to optimise their design. One particular bottleneck in the simulation workflow is quasilinear modelling of current drive efficiency. Linear adjoint models are an attractive alternative, offering a ∼103× spee…
