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1991
This paper compares the form of f(v||) arising from the warm-ion, kinetic models of Emmert et al. [ Phys. Fluids 23, 803 ( 1980) ] and Bissel and Johnson [ Phys. Fluids 30,779 ( 1987) ] with experimentally measured distributions from the DITE tokamak obtained with a retarding field analyzer (RFA). The results show that the commonl…
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1991
The Euler-Lagrange equations for a charged particle in a tokamak magnetic fieid, in the limit of large aspect ratio, are obtained in terms of toroidal coordinates from the exact Lagrangian, which is expressed in terms of the toroidal and poloidal magnetic fluxes. It differs fundamentally from the standard guiding-center approach, where the local ma…
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1991
This is Part II of a study of resonant perturbations, such as resistive tearing and ballooning modes, in a torus. These are described by marginal ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in the regions between resonant surfaces; matching across these surfaces provides the dispersion relation. Part I [Phys. Fluids B3, 1532 (1991)] described how all…
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1990
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1990
Two designs of electron suppressor have been tested in a volume negative ion source operating dc with a large extraction aperture diameter (16 mm). Both suppressors employ magnetic fields to divert the electrons near the extraction aperture onto collector electrodes. However, while one suppressor uses a fixed field produced by permanent magnets, th…
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1990
The series of experiments carried out in recent years on the HBTX reversed field pinch [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 30, 843 ( 1988)] have highlighted the importance of minimizing the flux that penetrates the plasma-wall boundary. This flux penetration, whether from equilibrium field errors, the presence of limiters, or plasma magnetic activity f…
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1990
Local extrema in the equilibrium magnetic field strength can occur in tokamak plasmas when the plasma beta is increased. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength experienced by an electromagnetic wave propagating along a vertical chord in lower-beta tokamak plasmas may also pass through an extremum. For both these reasons, it is of interest to calc…
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1990
This paper reports tests of an electron suppressor, for volume negative ion sources with variable electric and magnetic fields. The experiments have been carried out with a source and accelerator operating d.c. and with an extraction aperture of 16 mm diameter. The results are compared to those obtained with a permanent magnet suppressor and to a t…
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1990
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on a number of different ' current carrying wire' type first grid electron suppressors: or ' inserts', as they shall be called throughout this paper. Extracted negative ion currents are compared for the different inserts over a range of field strengths. Currents are also compared to those extr…
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1989
When a suitable accelerating voltage is applied to extract negative ions from a volume production source, electrons are also extracted. If no means of suppression is utilized, the electron current in a hydrogen plasma would typically be of the order of 80-100 times the negative-ion current. In the accelerator designs in use at Culham Laboratory, el…
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