E. Surrey A. Holmes
The improvement of the efficiency of neutral beam systems to be compatible with the economic requirements of fusion power plants is a key theme in the European research programme. A novel plasma neutralizer, in which the negative ion beam itself is the source of the plasma, is described. Its success depends on the confinement of the free electrons …
PublishedD. B. King A. J. T. Holmes R. Mcadams E. Surrey
A one dimensional model of the sheath between the plasma and the wall in a negative ion source has been expanded to include the effects of a variable wall surface work function and fast positive ion species. The plasma consists of positive ions, electrons and negative ions. The model also includes the emission of negative ions from the wall into th…
PublishedR. Mcadams D. B. King A. J. T. Holmes E. Surrey
In fusion negative ion sources, the negative ions are formed on the caesiated plasma grid predominantly by hydrogen atoms from the plasma. The space charge of the negative ions leaving the wall is not fully compensated by incoming positive ions and at high enough emission a virtual cathode is formed. This virtual cathode limits the flux of negative…
PublishedR Mcadams A J T Holmes D B King E Surrey
A 1d analytical model of the sheath in a negative ion source, such as those proposed for heating and diagnostic beams on present and future fusion devices, has been developed. The model describes the transport of surface produced negative ions from a cathode, across the sheath to a plasma containing electrons, positive ions and negative ions. It ac…
PublishedE. Surrey A. J. T. Holmes T. T. C. Jones
Abstract: The effect of beam generated plasma in the channels of the ITER electrostatic residual ion dump (ERID) is investigated. The space charge due to the plasma and the separating positive and negative ion beams could cause the ERID to fail if the plasma density is sufficiently high. The gas density at which this occurs is derived for both the …
PublishedElizabeth Surrey
A model of the space charge neutralization of negative ion beams, developed from the model due to Holmes, is applied to the ITER heating and diagnostic beams. The Holmes model assumed that the plasma electron temperature was derived from the stripped electrons. This is shown to be incorrect for the ITER beams and the plasma electron temperature is …
PublishedR. Mcadams M. P. S. Nightingale D. Godden A. J. T. Holmes G. Proudfoot
Cost optimisation studies are carded out for an accelerator based neutron source consisting of a series of linear accelerators. The characteristics of the lowest cost design for a given beam current and energy machine such as power and length are found to depend on the lifetime envisaged for it. For a fixed neutron yield it is preferable to have a …
PublishedS. B. Wells Y. Takeiri A. F. Newman R. Mcadams A. J. T. Holmes
A rf ion source with a large extraction area suitable for fusion applications is considered. The source is a metallic magnetic multipole bucket with an internal antenna to couple the rf (at a frequency of 2 MHz) to the plasma. The source is diagnosed by an array of Langmuir probes to measure uniformity, density, and temperature and a small probe ac…
PublishedJ. D. Johnson A. J. T. Holmes
One problem inherent in the use of small planar Langmuir probes to analyze low-density plasma is expansion of the space-charge sheath with increased probe potential due to the departure from planarity caused by a nonnegligible sheath edge. Experimental evidence showing the existence of significant edge effects in the ion saturation region of the ch…
Published