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2005
Studies of the safety and environmental impacts of fusion, both of future power plants and of ITER, have shown that a good performance can be achieved. Although it is difficult to anticipate the regulatory regime in which future fusion power stations will be licensed, the areas of public and occupational safety and short and long-term environmental…
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2005
Modelling of temperature excursions in structures of conceptual power plants during hypothetical worst-case accidents has been performed within the European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS). A new, 3D finite elements (FE) based tool, coupling the different calculations to the same tokamak geometry, has been extensively used to conduct the neutro…
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2005
A full orbit code is used to compute collisionless losses of fusion particles from three proposed burning plasma tokamaks: the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor ITER; a spherical tokamak power plant (STPP) [T. C. Hender, A. Bond, J. Edwards, P. J. Karditsas, K. G. McClements, J. Mustoe, D. V. Sherwood, G. M. Voss, and H. R. Wilson, Fusion …
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2005
The design of a power plant based on the spherical tokamak (ST) is being developed in order to explore its potential advantages. The plasma is operated in a double null configuration, forming both an upper and lower divertor. In order to accommodate the high erosion rates and heat fluxes developed in the divertors, a system based on a cascading flo…
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2005
Tungsten is a candidate material for a protective armour on the plasma-facing first wall of a fusion power plant. In order to assess the radiological implications of this use of tungsten, two power plant models from the European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) have been extended by the addition of a 2 mm tungsten layer on the ferriticmartensiti…
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2005
The HERCULES code was designed and developed to assist in the safety and environmental analysis tasks of the European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS). However, its capabilities extend beyond this kind of analysis: coupling of the different computational tools and nuclear databases to the same geometry and material compositions, automation of in…
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2005
Materials research represents a significant part of the European and world effort on fusion research. Detailed knowledge of materials properties is needed in the design by analysis of power plant and experimental machine components, and in testing to design fusion materials with specific properties, a process that involves collection and examinatio…
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2005
We present calculations of the transmutation of initially pure tungsten first-wall and divertor plasma-facing armor intoW-Re-Os alloys in the European Union Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) fusion plant models A, B, and AB. The fusion neutron spectrum was modeled using the MCNP Monte Carlo code including resonance self-shielding effects, and we …
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2005
ABSTRACT. The European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) reported in the summer of 2004. Several conceptual designs (“Models”) for commercial fusion power plants were developed, spanning a range from relatively near term to more substantial extrapolations. The parameters of the Models were chosen by systems analysis to be economically optimal…
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2005
In order to reduce the deviation of calculated-to-experimental activity (C/E) following benchmark experiments with pure W irradiated by 14-MeV neutrons, of interest for safety aspects and waste management of power plants, a detailed analysis of the activation cross sections was carried out using the computer codes EMPIRE-II and TALYS as well as loc…
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