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2005
We present calculations of the transmutation of initially pure tungsten first-wall and divertor plasma-facing armor intoW-Re-Os alloys in the European Union Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) fusion plant models A, B, and AB. The fusion neutron spectrum was modeled using the MCNP Monte Carlo code including resonance self-shielding effects, and we …
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2005
ABSTRACT. The European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) reported in the summer of 2004. Several conceptual designs (“Models”) for commercial fusion power plants were developed, spanning a range from relatively near term to more substantial extrapolations. The parameters of the Models were chosen by systems analysis to be economically optimal…
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2005
The interpretation of EBW emission from spherical tokamaks is nontrivial. We report on a 3D simulation model of this process that incorporates Gaussian beams for the antenna, a full wave solution of EBW-X and EBW-X-O conversions using adaptive finite elements, and EBW ray tracing to determine the radiative temperature. This model is then used to in…
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2003
Ripples in the confining field may exert a torque on a rotating plasma. Time reversal symmetry implies that this torque should vanish for an ideal plasma. However, even in an apparently ideal plasma, singularities can give rise to a nonzero torque. This torque is evaluated for a simple configuration. Although the primary force is magnetic, an essen…
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2003
The existing regulatory framework in France provides a full and coherent licensing basis to permit ITER to be build and operated at Cadarache. The specific sitting studies including the submission of the first step of licensing documentation for ITER offers an early assessment of fusion power plants. The regulatory procedure begins with the release…
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2003
As part of the European Power Plant Conceptual Study, two different divertor designs were proposed, based on previous work on HETS (High Efficiency Thermal Shield) performed at FZK and ENEA. The coolant is helium gas at pressures in the range 10-14 MPa and the inlet temperatures are in the range of 500-800 o C. The geometrical complexity of the des…
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2002
A model based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the tokamak plasma edge region is presented, which describes characteristics of edge localized modes (ELMs) and the pedestal. The model emphasizes the dual role played by large bootstrap currents driven by the sharp pressure gradients in the pedestal region. Pedestal currents reduce the edge m…
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2001
The resistive wall mode ~ RWM ! poses a threat to many plasma confinement devices. The continuous rotation of the wall relative to the plasma makes it appear perfectly conducting, because of the skin effect, but this is ineffective if the perturbation locks to the wall. This raises the question of whether a nonuniformly rotating wall is more effect…
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2001
The VULCAN [C. N. Danson et al. , Opt. Commun. 103 , 392 (1993)] laser at the UK Central Laser Facility is being used for laboratory-based simulations of collisionless shocks. By ensuring that key dimensionless parameters in the experiments have values similar to those of supernova remnants (SNRs), the hydrodynamics and magnetic field of the experi…
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2000
Relaxation is the result of turbulence in a plasma that behaves essentially as an ideal conducting fluid, but has a small resistivity and viscosity. These small effects are locally enhanced by the turbulence and lead to reconnection of magnetic field lines. This destroys an infinity of topological constraints, leaving only the total magnetic helici…
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