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1997
Modern charge-coupled-device (CCD) detectors can achieve peak quantum efficiencies of 90%, compared with less than 10% for the photocathode of an electron multiplier. We report on laboratory tests of examples of these two detector technologies to evaluate their relative performance for precision Doppler spectroscopy of laboratory plasmas. The tests…
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1997
The maximum normalized beta achieved in long-pulse tokamak discharges at low collisionality falls significantly below both that observed in short pulse discharges and that predicted by the ideal MHD theory. Recent long-pulse experiments, in particular those simulating the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [M. Rosenbluth et al.…
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1997
The world’s first high-power auxiliary heating experiments in a tight aspect ratio (or spherical) tokamak have been performed on the Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokomak (START) device [Sykes et al. , Nucl. Fusion 32 , 694 (1992)] at Culham Laboratory, using the 40 keV, 0.5 MW Neutral Beam Injector loaned by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Injecti…
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1997
An analysis of ion cyclotron resonance heating in a plasma containing two ion species is given. Particular emphasis is placed on the important case of comparable concentrations of the two species. The properties of ion-Bernstein waves in such a plasma are discussed. A summary of the cutoff– resonance (Budden) and cutoff–resonance–cutoff (trip…
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1997
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1997
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1997
Electron cyclotron (EC) waves can perform a variety of roles in ITER including start-up assist, heating to ignition, on and off-axis current drive and instability control. EC wave absorption is robust and well understood producing highly localised heating with total absorption anticipated for almost all parameters foreseen in ITER. Other advantages…
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1997
The simplest nontrivial model of transport across a magnetic island chain in the presence of collisionless streaming along the magnetic field is solved by a Wiener–Hopf procedure. The solution found is valid provided the boundary layer about the island separatrix is narrow compared to the island width. The result demonstrates that when this assum…
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1997
We apply a fast wave approximation to the propagation of the fast wave across the magnetic field. This approximation involves replacing the hot plasma conductivity tensor by an approximation which reduces the problem to a second order differential equation. Such a procedure is particularly useful in the high harmonic regime, where many terms with t…
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1997
The plasma position and shape on the COMPASS-D tokamak have been controlled simultaneously with a 75- kHz bandwidth, hard-wired, real-time neural network. The primary network operates with up to 48 selected magnetic inputs and has been used in the vertical position control loop to control the position of the upper edge of the plasma at the radius o…
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