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2014
ITER’s Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) system [Lamalle et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 88, 517–520 (2013)] comprises two antenna launchers designed by CYCLE (a consortium of European associations listed in the author affiliations above) on behalf of ITER Organisation (IO), each inserted as a Port Plug (PP) into one of ITER’s Vacuum Vessel …
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2014
EASY-II(12) is designed as a functional replacement for the previous European Activation System, EASY-2010. It has extended nuclear data and new software, FISPACT-II, written in object-style Fortran to provide new capabilities for predictions of activation, transmutation, depletion and burnup. The new FISPACT-II code has allowed us to embed many mo…
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2014
During the initial operation of the JET ITER-like wall, particular attention was given to the characterization of the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) heating in this new metallic environment. In this contribution we compare L-modes plasmas heated by ICRF or by Neutral Beam Injection (NBI). ICRF heating as expected led to a much higher cent…
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2014
In 2011-2012, an experimental campaign with a significant yield of fusion neutrons was carried out on the JET tokamak. During this campaign the facility was equipped with two diamond detectors based on natural and artificial CVD diamond. These detectors were designed and manufactured in State Research Center of Russian Federation TRINITI. The detec…
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2014
Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have observed nanometre scale dislocation loops formed when an ultra-high-purity tungsten foil is irradiated with a very low fluence of self-ions. Analysis of the TEM images has revealed the largest loops to be predominantly of prismatic 1/2{111} type and of vacancy character. The formation o…
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2014
The generation of tritium in sufficient quantities is an absolute requirement for a next step fusion device such as DEMO due to the scarcity of tritium sources. A number of methods have been proposed in order to meet this requirement, however a lithium-based tritium breeding blanket that surrounds the fusion plasma is widely considered to be the mo…
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2014
The power load to the divertor surfaces is a key concern for future devices such as ITER, due to the thermal limits on the material surface. One factor that characterises the heat flux to the divertor is the fall off length in the SOL, which recent empirical scalings have shown could be as small as 1 mm. These predictions are based on a multi-machi…
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2014
It is shown that rapid substantial changes in heating rate can induce transitions to improved energy confinement regimes in zero-dimensional models for tokamak plasma phenomenology. We examine for the first time the effect of step changes in heating rate in the models of Kim and Diamond [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 185006 (2003)] and Malkov and Diamond [P…
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2014
We investigate the linear theory of the ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) mode, with the goal of developing a general understanding that may be applied to stellarators. We highlight the Wendelstein 7X (W7-X) device. Simple fluid and kinetic models that follow closely from existing literature are reviewed and two new first-principle models are presente…
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2014
After the change over from the C-wall to the ITER-like Be/W wall (ILW) in JET, the radiation losses during ICRF heating have increased and are now substantially larger than those observed with NBI at the same power levels, in spite of the similar global plasma energies reached with the two heating systems. A comparison of the NBI and ICRF performan…
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