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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)4082025
An introductory tutorial on plasma stability theory is presented, focussing on application of the normal mode method to the linearised form of the magnetohydodynamic (MHD), Vlasov and Maxwell equations. Following an illustration of how this method can be applied to a simple mechanical problem, single-fluid stability theory is demonstrated for the c…
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UKAEA-CCFE-CP(26)322024
Tikhonov regularization has so far been the method par excellence applied to Fast Ion Loss Detector (FILD) [1] measurements to obtain an accurate fast ion velocity distribution [2]. To address two major drawbacks of Tikhonov regularization, the computational expense and the critical reliance on the optimal value of a hyperparameter, iterative algor…
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UKAEA-CCFE-CP(26)312024
The movement of spectral emission fronts can be used to diagnose the transition into detachment.Measurements of the 2D spectral emission distribution are available in tokamaks via tomographic inversions, but this is more challenging in stellarators due to the lack of toroidal symmetry. The effect of Zeeman splitting can be exploited on W7-X to est…
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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)4072024
Digital twinning is gaining widespread popularity across various areas of engineering, and indeed it offers a capability of effective real-time monitoring and control, which are vital for cost-intensive experimental facilities, particularly the ones where extreme conditions exist. Sparse experimental measurements collected by various diagnostic sen…
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UKAEA-STEP-PR(26)012025
We have investigated the response of detached plasmas to multi-ms timescale power transients using 1D simulations of the scrape-off layer on a scale and parameter range relevant for reactor-scale tokamaks, such as the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). Simulations were performed using the fluid code Hermes3, employing the solver CVODE…
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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)4062025
Neutron bombardment of high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets may compromise the integrity of the magnetic confinement in future fusion reactors. The amount of damage produced by a single neutron can be predicted from the threshold displacement energies (TDE) of the constituent ions in the HTS materials, such as the Rare Earth Cuperates.…
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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)032025
Microstructural evolution–driven degradation governs material properties and is closely linked with defect behavior. Quantitatively characterizing defects and their evolution is essential for elucidating the underlying degradation mechanisms. To this end, the defects were introduced at room temperature using self-ion irradiation for damage lev…
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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)022025
Due to the extreme operating temperatures in nuclear fusion reactors, current materials exhibit a substantial mismatch in mechanical and thermal properties between the tungsten plasma-facing material and the CuCrZr heat sink cooling system. Therefore, a thermal barrier interlayer is required to guarantee continuous operation. In this work, (CrVW…
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UKAEA-CCFE-PR(26)012025
Refractory High-Entropy Alloys (RHEAs) are promising candidates for structural materials in nuclear fusion reactors, where W-based alloys are currently leading. Fusion materials must withstand extreme conditions, including i) severe radiation damage from energetic neutrons, ii) embrittlement due to H and He ion implantati…
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UKAEA-CCFE-CP(25)302025
Metal melting has been widely viewed as the most promising method for detritiating metallic waste, with its potential to release more tritium than other thermal methods. Furthermore, the homogenization of the metal post melting is expected to distribute tritium throughout the ingot, reduc…
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